Geomatics and Landscape Ecology Research Laboratory Saturday, 05 October 2024 2:02 am  
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Journal Papers

2019


Collins, Sara, L. Bellingham, G.W. Mitchell, and L. Fahrig. 2019. Life in the slow drain: Landscape structure affects farm ditch water quality. Science of the Total Environment. 656: 1157-1167. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.400 [PDF]

Fahrig, Lenore, et al.. 2019. Is habitat fragmentation bad for biodiversity? Biological Conservation. 230: 179-186. DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2018.12.026 [PDF]

Fahrig, Lenore. 2019. Habitat fragmentation: a long and tangled tale. Global Ecology and Biogeography. 28: 33-41. DOI: 10.1111/geb.12839 [PDF]

Mandal, Dipankar , Mehdi Hosseini, H. McNairn, V. Kumar, A. Bhattacharya, Y.S. Rao, S. Mitchell, L. Dingle-Robertson, A. Davidson, and K. Dabrowska-Zielinska. 2019. An investigation of inversion methodologies to retrieve the leaf area index of corn from C-band SAR data. Int J Appl. Earth Observation and Geoinformation. 82: . DOI: 10.1016/j.jag.2019.06.003 [PDF]

Sirami, C. , N Gross, A.B. Baillod, C. Bertrand, R. Carrié, A. Hass, ..., J. Girard, L. Tischendorf, S. Mitchell, K. Lindsay, J-l Martin, L. Fahrig, and 36 others. 2019. Increasing crop heterogeneity enhances multitrophic diversity across agricultural regions. Proc. National Academy of Sciences of the USA. online: . DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1906419116

Put (Jackson), Julia, L Fahrig and GW Mitchell. 2019. Bats respond negatively to increases in the amount and homogenization of agricultural land cover. Landscape Ecology. online: . DOI: 10.1007/s10980-019-00855-2

2018


Bennett, Joseph, S. Maxwell, A. Martin, I. Chadès, L. Fahrig, and B. Gilbert. 2018. When to monitor and when to act: Value of information theory for multiple management units and limited budgets. J of Appl. Ecology. 55: 2102-2113. DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13132 [PDF]

Martin, Amanda, and L. Fahrig. 2018. Habitat specialist birds disperse farther and are more migratory than habitat generalist birds. Ecology. 99: 2058-2066. DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2428 [PDF]

Monck-Whipp, Liv, AE Martin, CM Francis and L Fahrig. 2018. Farmland heterogeneity benefits bats in agricultural landscapes. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. 253: 131-139. [PDF]

Ascensão, F. , L. Fahrig, A.P. Clevenger, R. Corlett, J. Jaeger, W.F. Laurance, and H.M. Pereira. 2018. Environmental challenges for the Belt and Road Initiative. Nature Sustainability. 1: 206-209. DOI: 10.1038/s41893-018-0059-3 [PDF]

Hass, A.L. , U.G. Kormann, T. Tscharntke, Y. Clough, A.B. Baillod, C. Sirami, L. Fahrig, J.L. Martin, J. Baudry, C. Bertrand, J. Bosch, L. Brotons, F. Burel, R. Georges, D. Giralt, M.Á. Marcos-García, A. Ricarte, G. Siriwardena, and P. Batáry . 2018. Landscape configurational heterogeneity by small-scale agriculture, not crop diversity, maintains pollinators and plant reproduction in Western Europe. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. B 285: 20172242. DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.2242 [PDF]

Hill, M.J. , C. Hassall, B. Oertli, L. Fahrig, B.J. Robson, J. Biggs, M.J. Samways, N. Usio, N. Takamura, J. Krishnaswamy, and P.J. Wood. 2018. New policy directions for global pond conservation. Conservation Letters. : e12447. DOI: 10.1111/connl.12447 [PDF]

Put (Jackson), Julia, G. Mitchell and L. Fahrig. 2018. Higher bat and prey abundance at organic than conventional soybean fields. Biological Conservation. 226: 177-185. DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2018.06.021 [PDF]

Sawatzky, Margaret, A.E. Martin and L. Fahrig. 2018. Landscape context is more important than wetland buffers for farmland amphibians. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. 269: 97-106. DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2018.09.021 [PDF]

2017


Teixeira, Fernanda Zimmerman, A Kindel, SM Hartz, S Mitchell, and L Fahrig. 2017. When road-kill hotspots do not indicate the best sitesfor road-kill mitigation. Journal of Applied Ecology. 54(5): 1544-1551. DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12870 [PDF]

Bennett, Joseph, Rühland, K. M., and Smol, J. P.. 2017. No magic number: determining cost-effective sample size and enumeration effort for diatom-based environmental assessment analyses. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 74(2): 208-215. DOI: 10.1139/cjfas-2016-0066 [PDF]

Bennett, Joseph, R. Maloney, T. Steeves, P. Seddon, and H.P. Possingham . 2017. Spending limited resources on de-extinction could lead to net biodiversity loss. Nature Ecology and Evolution. 1: 1-4. DOI: 10.1038/s41559-016-0053 [PDF]

Collins, Sara, and L Fahrig. 2017. Responses of anurans to composition and configuration of agricultural landscapes. Agriculture, Ecosystems, and Environment. 239: 399-409. DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2016.12.038 [PDF]

Fahrig, Lenore. 2017. Ecological responses to habitat fragmentation per se. Annual Reviews of Ecology, Evolution and Systematics. 48: 1-23. [PDF]

Martin, Amanda, A Desrochers and L Fahrig. 2017. Homogenization of dispersal ability across bird species in response to landscape change. Oikos. 126: 996-1003. DOI: 10.1111/oik.03859 [PDF]

Martin, Amanda, J Pearce Higgins and L Fahrig. 2017. The spatial scale of time-lagged population synchrony increases with species dispersal distance. Global Ecology and Biogeography. 26: 1201-1210. [PDF]

Arroyo-Rodríguez, V , RA Saldaña-Vázquez, L Fahrig and BA Santos. 2017. Does forest fragmentation cause an increase in forest temperature? Ecological Research. 32: 81-88. [PDF]

Duflot, R , A Ernoult, S Aviron, L Fahrig and F Burel. 2017. Relative effects of landscape composition and configuration on multi-habitat gamma diversity in agricultural landscapes. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. 241: 62-69. DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2017.02.035 [PDF]

Iacona, G. , Maloney, R. F., Chadès, I., Bennett, J. R., Seddon, P. J., and Possingham, H. P.. 2017. Prioritising revived species: What are the conservation management implications of de-extinction? Functional Ecology. 31: 1041-1048. DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12720 [PDF]

Melo, GL , J Sponshiado, N Cáceras and L Fahrig.. 2017. Testing the habitat amount hypothesis for South American small mammals. Biological Conservation. 209: 304-314. DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2017.02.031 [PDF]

Miguet, P , L Fahrig and C Lavigne. 2017. How to quantify a distance-dependent landscape effect on a biological response. Methods in Ecology and Evolution. 8: 1717–1724. [PDF]

Seibold, S , C Bässler, R Brandl, L Fahrig, B Förster, M Heurich, T Hothorn, F Scheipl, S Thorn and J Müller.. 2017. An experimental test of the habitat-amount hypothesis for saproxylic beetles in a forested region. Ecology. 98: 1613-1622. DOI: 10.1002/ecy.1819 [PDF]

Taylor, J.J. , T. Rytwinski, J.R. Bennett, K. Smokorowski, and S.J. Cooke . 2017. The effectiveness of spawning habitat creation or enhancement for substrate spawning temperate fish: a systematic review protocol. Environmental Evidence. 6: 5. DOI: 10.1186/s13750-017-0083-1 [PDF]

Wilson S , GW Mitchell, J Pasher, M McGovern, M-AR Hudson and L Fahrig. 2017. Influence of crop type, heterogeneity and woody structure on avian biodiversity in agricultural landscapes. Ecological Indicators. 83: 218-226. [PDF]

Rytwinski, Trina, D.A. Algera, J.J. Taylor, K. Smokorowski, J.R. Bennett, P.M. Harrison, and S.J. Cooke. 2017. What are the consequences of fish entrainment and impingement associated with hydroelectric dams on fish productivity? A systematic review protocol. Environmental Evidence. 6: 8. DOI: 10.1186/s13750-017-0087-x [PDF]

2016


Bennett, Joseph, and Benjamin Gilbert. 2016. Contrasting beta diversity among regions: how do classical and multivariate approaches compare? Global Ecology and Biogeography. : . DOI: 10.1111/geb.12413 [PDF]

Koumaris, Alex, and L Fahrig. 2016. Different anuran species show different relationships to agricultural intensity. Wetlands. 36: 731-744. [PDF]

Martin, Amanda, and L Fahrig. 2016. Reconciling contradictory relationships between mobility and extinction risk in human-altered landscapes. Functional Ecology. 30: 1558-1567. [PDF]

Cooke, S. J. , Rice, J. Prior, K. Bloom, R. Jensen, O. Browne, D., Donaldson, L., Bennett, J. R., Vermaire, J., and Auld, G.. 2016. . Environmental Evidence. 5: . DOI: 10.1186/s13750-016-0065-8 [PDF]

Jackson ND , and L Fahrig. 2016. Habitat amount, not habitat configuration, best predicts population genetic structure in fragmented landscapes. Landscape Ecology. 31: 951-968. [PDF]

Lameris, T K , Bennett, J. R., Blight, L. Giessen, M., Janssen, M., Schaminee, J., and Arcese, P. 2016. Indirect human effects on plant communities and seabird abundance: implications for the conservation of native species and ecosystems. PeerJ. : . DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2208 [PDF]

Miguet P , HB Jackson, ND Jackson, AE Martin and L Fahrig. 2016. What determines the spatial extent of landscape effects on species? Landscape Ecology. 31: 1177-1194. [PDF]

Polak, T. , Watson, J.E., Bennett, J. R., Possingham, H. P., Fuller, R. A., and Carwardine, J.. 2016. Balancing ecosystem and threatened species representation in protected areas and implications for nations achieving global conservation goals. Conservation Letters. 9: 438-445. DOI: 10.1111/conl.12268

Suarez-Esteban, A , L Fahrig, M Delibes and JM Fedriani. 2016. Can anthropogenic linear gaps increase plant abundance and diversity? Landscape Ecology. 31: 721-729. [PDF]

Rytwinski, Trina, K Soanes, JAG Jaeger, L Fahrig, CS Findlay, J Houlahan, R van der Ree and EA van der Grift. 2016. How effective is road mitigation at reducing road-kill? A meta-analysis. PLOS ONE. 11(11): e0166941. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166941 [PDF]

2015


Bennett, Joseph, J.D. Shaw, A. Terauds, J.P. Smol, R. Aerts, D. Bergrstrom, J. Blais, W. Cheung, S. Chown, M.A. Lea, U. Nielsen, D. Pauly, K.J. Reimer, M. Riddle, I. Snape, J. Stark, V. Tulloch, and H. Possingham. 2015. Polar lessons learned: informing long-term management based on shared threats in Arctic and Antarctic environments. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. 13: 316-324. DOI: 10.1890/140315 [PDF]

Bennett, Joseph, R.F. Maloney, and H.P. Possingham . 2015. Biodiversity gains from efficient use of private sponsorship of flagship species conservation. Proceedings of the Royal Society – B . 282: 20142693. DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.2693 [PDF]

Bird Jackson, Heather, and Fahrig, L.. 2015. Are ecologists conducting research at the right scale? Global Ecology and Biogeography. 24: 52-63. [PDF]

Dingle Robertson, Laura, D J King, and C Davies. 2015. Assessing land cover changes and anthropogenic disturbance in wetlands using vegetation fractions derived from Landsat 5 TM imagery (1984-2010). Wetlands. 35: 1077-1091. DOI: 10.1007/s13157-015-0696-5 [PDF]

Dingle Robertson, Laura, D J King and C Davies . 2015. Object-based image analysis of optical and radar variables for wetland evaluation. International Journal of Remote Sensing. 36: 5811-5841. DOI: 10.1080/01431161.2015.1109727 [PDF]

Downing, Richard, T Rytwinski and L Fahrig. 2015. Positive effects of roads on small mammals: A test of the predation release hypothesis. Ecological Research. 30: 651-662. [PDF]

Fahrig, Lenore, J. Girard, D. Duro, J. Pasher, A. Smith, S. Javorek, D. King, K. Freemark Lindsay, S. Mitchell and L. Tischendorf. 2015. Farmlands with smaller crop fields have higher within-field biodiversity. Agriculture, Ecosystems, and Environment. 200: 219-234. DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2014.11.018 [PDF]

Fahrig, Lenore. 2015. Just a hypothesis: a reply to Hanski. Journal of Biogeography. 42: 993-994. [PDF]

Gagné, Sara, F. Eigenbrod, D.G. Bert, G.M. Cunnington, L.T. Olson, A.C. Smith, and L. Fahrig . 2015. . A simple landscape design framework for biodiversity conservation. 136: 13-27. DOI: 0.1016/j.landurbplan.2014.11.006 [PDF]

Jack, Joanna, Rytwinski, T., Fahrig, L. and Francis, C.M.. 2015. Influence of traffic mortality on forest bird abundance. Biodiversity and Conservation . 24: 1507–1529. [PDF]

Martin, Amanda, and L Fahrig. 2015. Matrix quality and disturbance frequency drive evolution of species behaviour at habitat boundaries. Ecology and Evolution. 5: 5792-5800. [PDF]

Patenaude, Theresa, A Smith and L Fahrig.. 2015. Disentangling the effects of wetland loss and urban development on the quality of remaining wetlands. Urban Ecosystems. 18: 663-684. [PDF]

Duflot, R , S Aviron, A Ernoult, L Fahrig and F Burel.. 2015. Reconsidering the role of 'semi-natural habitat' in farmland biodiversity: a case study. Ecological Research. 30: 75-83. [PDF]

M.M.I. Di Fonzo , H.P. Possingham, W.J. Probert, J.R. Bennett, S. O'Connor, J. Densem, L. Joseph, A.I.T. Tulloch, and R.F. Maloney, R. F.. 2015. Evaluating trade-offs between target persistence levels and numbers of species conserved. Conservation Letters. : . DOI: 10.1111/conl.12179 [PDF]

Carrara, Emilia , V. Arroyo-Rodríguez, J. H. Vega-Rivera, J.E. Schondube, S.M. de Freitas, and L Fahrig . 2015. Impact of landscape composition and configuration on forest specialist and generalist bird species in the fragmented Lacandona rainforest, Mexico. Biological Conservation. 184: 117-126. DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2015.01.014 [PDF]

Garrah, E , R. K. Danby, E. Eberhardt, G.M. Cunnington, and S. Mitchell . 2015. Hot Spots and Hot Times: Wildlife Road Mortality in a Regional Conservation Corridor. Environmental Management. 56(4): 874-889. DOI: 10.1007/s00267-015-0566-1

A.I.T. Tulloch , R.F. Maloney, L.N. Joseph, J.R. Bennett, M.M.I. Di Fonzo, W. Probert, S.M. O'Connor, J.P. Densem, and H.P. Possingham. 2015. Effect of risk aversion on prioritizing conservation projects. Conservation Biology. 29: 513–524. DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12386 [PDF]

Quesnelle, Pauline, Lindsay, K. and Fahrig, L.. 2015. Relative effects of landscape-scale wetland amount and landscape matrix quality on wetland vertebrates: a meta-analysis. Ecological Applications . 25: 812-825. [PDF]

Rytwinski, Trina, R van der Ree, GM Cunnington, L Fahrig, CS Findlay, J Houlahan, JAG Jaeger, K Soanes and EA van der Grift.. 2015. Experimental study designs to improve the evaluation of road mitigation measures for wildlife. Journal of Environmental Management. 154: 48-64. [PDF]

Virk, Ravinder, and S.W. Mitchell. 2015. Effect of Different Grazing Intensities on the Spatial-temporal Variability in Above-ground live plant biomass in North American Mixed Grasslands. Canadian J of Remote Sensing. online: . DOI: 10.1080/07038992.2014.1009882 [PDF]

2014


Bennett, Joseph, G. Elliott, B. Mellish, L.N. Joseph, A.I.T. Tulloch, W. Probert, M.M.I. Di Fonzo, J.M. Monks, H.P. Possingham, and R.F. Maloney. 2014. . Biological Conservation. 174: 47–54. DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2014.03.013 [PDF]

Bennett, Joseph. 2014. Comparison of native and exotic distribution and richness models across scales reveals essential conservation lessons. Ecography. 37: 120-129. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0587.2013.00393.x [PDF]

Bennett, Joseph, D.R. Sisson, J.P. Smol, B.F. Cumming, H.P. Possingham, and Y.M. Buckley. 2014. Optimizing taxonomic resolution and sampling effort to design cost-effective ecological models for environmental assessment. Journal of Applied Ecology. 51: 1722–1732. DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12312 [PDF]

Cunnington, Glenn, E. Garrah, E. Eberhardt and L. Fahrig. 2014. Culverts alone do not reduce road mortality in anurans. Écoscience . 21: 69-78. [PDF]

Czerwinski, Christopher, D. J. King and S. W. Mitchell . 2014. Mapping forest growth and decline in a temperate mixed forest using temporal trend analysis of Landsat imagery, 1987–2010. Remote Sensing of Environment. 141: 188-200. DOI: 10.1016/j.rse.2013.11.006

Dorland, Alex, T. Rytwinski and L. Fahrig. 2014. Do roads reduce Painted Turtle (Chrysemys picta) populations? PLOS ONE. 9(5): e98414. [PDF]

Duro, Dennis, J Girard, D J King, L Fahrig, S Mitchell, K Lindsay, and L Tischendorf . 2014. Predicting species diversity in agricultural environments using Landsat TM imagery. Remote Sensing of Environment. 144(C): 214-225. DOI: 10.1016/j.rse.2014.01.001 [PDF]

Arroyo-Rodriguez, V. , and L. Fahrig. 2014. Why is a Landscape Perspective Important in Studies of Primates? American Journal of Primatology . 76: 901-909. [PDF]

Betts, M.G. , L. Fahrig, A.S. Hadley, K.E. Halstead, W.D. Robinson, J.A. Wiens and D.B. Lindenmayer. 2014. A species-centered approach for uncovering generalities in organism responses to habitat loss and fragmentation. Ecography. 37: 517-527. [PDF]

Girard, J. , P. Mineau and L. Fahrig. 2014. Higher nestling food biomass in organic than conventional soybean fields in eastern Ontario, Canada. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment . 189: 199-205. [PDF]

A. MacDougall , J.R. Bennett, and others . 2014. Anthropogenic-based regional-scale factors most consistently explain plot-level exotic diversity in grasslands. Global Ecology and Biogeography. 23: 802–810. DOI: 10.1111/geb.12157 [PDF]

Vargas-Salinas, F. , G.M. Cunnington, A. Amézquita and L. Fahrig. 2014. Does traffic noise alter calling time in frogs and toads? A case study of anurans in Eastern Ontario, Canada. Urban Ecosystems. 17: 945-953. [PDF]

Quesnelle, Pauline, K. Lindsay and L. Fahrig. 2014. Low reproductive rate predicts species sensitivity to habitat loss: a meta-analysis of wetland vertebrates. PLOS ONE. 9(3): e90926. [PDF]

Smith, Adam, C.M. Francis and L. Fahrig. 2014. Similar effects of residential and non-residential vegetation on bird diversity in suburban neighbourhoods. Urban Ecosystems. 17: 27-44. [PDF]

2013


Cunnington, Glenn, and L Fahrig. 2013. Mate attraction by male anurans in the presence of traffic noise. Animal Conservation. 16: 275-285. [PDF]

Eberhardt, Ewen, S Mitchell and L Fahrig. 2013. Road kill hotspots do not effectively indicate mitigation locations when past road kill has depressed populations. The Journal of Wildlife Management. 77(7): 1353-1359. DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.592 [PDF]

Fahrig, Lenore. 2013. Rethinking patch size and isolation effects: the habitat amount hypothesis. Journal of Biogeography. 40: 1649-1663. [PDF]

Pasher, Jon, S W Mitchell, D J King, L Fahrig, A C Smith, and K E Lindsay. 2013. Optimizing landscape selection for estimating relative effects of landscape variables on ecological responses. Landscape Ecology. 28(3): 371-383. DOI: 10.1007/s10980-013-9852-6 [PDF]

Daoust, SP , L Fahrig, AE Martin and F Thomas. 2013. From forest and agro-ecosystems to the microecosystems of the human body: what can landscape ecology tell us about tumor growth, metastasis and treatment options? Evolutionary Applications. 6: 82-91. [PDF]

Melo, FPL , V Arroyo-Rodriguez, L Fahrig, M Martinez-Ramos and M Tabarelli. 2013. On the hope for biodiversity-friendly tropical landscapes. Trends in Ecology and Evolution. 28: 462-468. [PDF]

Naujokaitis-Lewis, I.R. , J. M. R. Curtis, L. Tischendorf, D. Badzinski, K. Lindsay, M.-J. Fortin. 2013. Uncertainties in coupled species distribution–metapopulation dynamics models for risk assessments under climate change. Diversity and Distributions. 19(5-6): 541-554. DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12063

Remmel, T K , and S W Mitchell. 2013. The importance of accurate visibility parameterization during atmospheric correction: impact on boreal forest classification. Int J Remote Sensing. 34(14): 5213-5227. DOI: 10.1080/01431161.2013.788263

van der Grift, E.A. , R. Van Der Ree, L. Fahrig, C.S. Findlay, J.E. Houlahan, J.A.G. Jaeger, N. Klar, L.F. Madriñan and L. Olson. 2013. Evaluating the effectiveness of road mitigation measures. Biodiversity and Conservation. 22: 425-448. [PDF]

Quesnelle, Pauline, L Fahrig and K Lindsay . 2013. Effects of habitat loss, habitat configuration and matrix composition on declining wetland species. Biological Conservation. 160: 200-208. [PDF]

Rytwinski, Trina, and Lenore Fahrig. 2013. Why are some animal populations unaffected or positively affected by roads? Oecologia. 173: 1143-1156. [PDF]

2012


Barker, Rebecca, and D.J. King. 2012. Blanding’s Turtle (Emydoidea blandingii) potential habitat mapping using aerial orthophotographic imagery and object based classification. Remote Sensing. 4: 194-219. DOI: 10.3390/rs4010194 [PDF]

Bird Jackson, Heather, and L. Fahrig. 2012. What size is a biologically relevant landscape? Landscape Ecology. 27: 929-941. DOI: 10.1007/s10980-013-9852-6 [PDF]

Coffey, Heather, and L Fahrig. 2012. Relative effects of vehicle pollution, moisture and colonization sources on urban lichens. Journal of Applied Ecology. 49: 1467-1474. [PDF]

Girard, Jude, A Baril, P Mineau and L Fahrig. 2012. Foraging habitat and diet of Song Sparrows (Melospiza melodia) nesting in farmland: a stable isotope approach. Canadian Journal of Zoology. 90: 1339-1350. [PDF]

Martin, Amanda, and L Fahrig. 2012. Measuring and selecting scales of effect for landscape predictors in species-habitat models. Ecological Applications. 22: 2277–2292. [PDF]

Munro, Keith, J. Bowman and L. Fahrig . 2012. Effect of paved road density on abundance of white-tailed deer. Wildlife Research. 39: 478-487. DOI: 10.1071/WR11152 [PDF]

Flick, T , S. Feagan and L. Fahrig. 2012. Effects of landscape structure on butterfly species richness and abundance in agricultural landscapes in eastern Ontario, Canada. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. 156: 123-133. DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2012.05.006 [PDF]

Lesbarrères, D. , and L. Fahrig. 2012. Measures to reduce population fragmentation by roads: what has worked and how do we know? Trends in Ecology and Evolution. 27: 374-380. DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2012.01.015 [PDF]

Tscharntke, T. , J. Tylianakis, T. Rand, R Didham, L. Fahrig, P. Batary, J. Bengtsson, Y. Clough, T. Crist, C. Dormann, R. Ewers, R. Holt, A. Holzschuh, A. Klein, C. Kremen, D. Landis, W. Laurance, D. Lindenmayer, C. Scherber, N. Sodhi, I. Steffan-Dewenter, C. Thies, W. vanderPutten and C. Westphal. 2012. Landscape moderation of biodiversity patterns and processes - eight hypotheses. Biological Reviews. 87: 661-685. DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-185X.2011.00216.x [PDF]

Rytwinski, Trina, and L. Fahrig. 2012. Do species life history traits explain population responses to roads? A meta-analysis. Biological Conservation. 147: 87-98. DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2011.11.023 [PDF]

Torontow, Valerie, and D.J. King. 2012. Forest complexity modelling and mapping with remote sensing and topographic data: comparison of three methods. Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing. 37(4): 387-402. [PDF]

2011


Dingle Robertson, Laura, and D. J. King. 2011. Comparison of pixel- and object-based classification in land cover change mapping. Int Journal of Remote Sensing. 32(6): 1505-1529. [PDF]

Eigenbrod, Felix, S. J. Hecnar and L. Fahrig. 2011. Sub-optimal study design has major impacts on landscape-scale inference. Biological Conservation. 144: 298-305. [PDF]

Ethier, Kevin, and L. Fahrig. 2011. Positive effects of forest fragmentation, independent of forest amount, on bat abundance in eastern Ontario, Canada. Landscape Ecology. 26: 865-876. [PDF]

Fahrig, Lenore, J Baudry, L Brotons, F G Burel, T O Crist, R J Fuller, C Sirami, G M Siriwardena and J-L Martin. 2011. Functional heterogeneity and biodiversity in agricultural landscapes. Ecology Letters. 14: 101-112. [PDF]

Gagné, Sara, and L. Fahrig. 2011. Do birds and beetles show similar responses to urbanization? Ecological Applications. 21: 2297-2312. [PDF]

Girard, Jude, A. Baril, P. Mineau and L. Fahrig. 2011. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios differ among invertebrates from field crops, forage crops, and non-cropped land uses. Écoscience. 18: 98-109. [PDF]

McLaren, Ashley, L. Fahrig and N. Waltho. 2011. Movement of small mammals across divided highways with vegetated medians. Canadian Journal of Zoology. 89: 1214-1222. [PDF]

Pasher, Jon, and D. J. King. 2011. Modelling forest structural complexity as an indicator of biodiversity using airborne remote sensing and topographic information. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 41: 44-58. [PDF]

Jackson, N.D. , and L. Fahrig. 2011. Relative effects of road mortality and decreased connectivity on population genetic diversity. Biological Conservation. 144: 3143-3148. [PDF]

Seiferling, I.S. , R. Proulx, P.R. Peres-Neto, L. Fahrig and C. Messier. 2011. Measuring protected-area isolation and correlations of isolation with land-use intensity and protection status. Conservation Biology. 26: 610-618. [PDF]

Ranius, T. , V. Johansson and L. Fahrig. 2011. Predicting spatial occurrence of beetles and pseudoscorpions in hollow oaks in southeastern Sweden. Biodiversity and Conservation. 20: 2027-2040. [PDF]

Blangy, S , H Donohoe and S Mitchell. 2011. Developing a geocollaboratory for Indigenous tourism research. Current Issues in Tourism. 15(7): 693-706. DOI: 10.1080/13683500.2011.644520 [PDF]

Gonsamo, A. , P.K.E. Pellikka and D.J. King. 2011. Large scale leaf area index inversion algorithms from high resolution airborne imagery. International Journal of Remote Sensing. 32(14): 3897–3916. [PDF]

Ewers, R.M. , R.K. Didham, L. Fahrig, G. Ferraz, A. Hector, R.D. Holt, V. Kapos, G. Reynolds, W. Sinun, J.L. Snaddon and E.C. Turner. 2011. A large-scale forest fragmentation experiment: the Stability of Altered Forest Ecosystems Project. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B. 366: 3292-3303. [PDF]

Rytwinski, Trina, and L. Fahrig. 2011. Reproductive rate and body size predict road impacts on mammal abundance. Ecological Applications. 21: 589-600. [PDF]

Smith, Adam, L Fahrig and C M Francis. 2011. Landscape size affects the relative importance of habitat amount, habitat fragmentation, and matrix quality on forest birds. Ecography. 34: 103-113. [PDF]

Summers, Patricia, G.M. Cunnington and L. Fahrig. 2011. Are negative effects of roads on breeding birds caused by traffic noise? Journal of Applied Ecology. 48: 1527-1534. [PDF]

Sun, Liu, S.W. Mitchell and A. Davidson. 2011. Multiple drought indices for agricultural drought risk assessment on the Canadian prairies. International J Climatology. 32(11): 1628-1639. DOI: 10.1002/joc.2385 [PDF]

2010


Cunnington, Glenn, and L Fahrig. 2010. Plasticity in the vocalizations of anurans in response to traffic noise. Acta Oecologica. 36: 463-470. [PDF]

Gagné, Sara, and L Fahrig. 2010. The trade-off between housing density and sprawl area: minimising impacts to forest breeding birds. Basic and Applied Ecology. 11: 723-733. [PDF]

Gagné, Sara, and L Fahrig. 2010. The effects of time since urbanisation on anuran community composition in remnant urban ponds. Environmental Conservation. 37: 128-135. [PDF]

Gagné, Sara, and L Fahrig. 2010. The trade-off between housing density and sprawl area: minimizing impacts to carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Ecology and Society. 15(4): 12 (online). [PDF]

Pasher, Jon, and Douglas J. King. 2010. Multivariate forest structure modelling and mapping using high resolution airborne imagery and topographic information. Remote Sensing of Environment. 114: 1718-1732. [PDF]

Ranius, T. , V. Johansson and L. Fahrig. 2010. A comparison of patch connectivity measures using data on invertebrates in hollow oaks. Ecography. 33: 1-8. [PDF]

Proulx, Raphael, and L. Fahrig. 2010. Detecting human-driven deviations from trajectories in landscape composition and configuration. Landscape Ecology. 25: 1479-1487. [PDF]

2009


Bouchard, Julie, A. T. Ford, F.E. Eigenbrod and L. Fahrig. 2009. Behavioural responses of Northern leopard frogs (Rana pipiens) to roads and traffic: Implications for population persistence. Ecology and Society. 14(2): online. [PDF]

Eigenbrod, Felix, S.J. Hecnar and L. Fahrig. 2009. Quantifying the road effect zone: threshold effects of a motorway on anuran populations in Ontario, Canada. Ecology and Society. 14: 24 [online]. [PDF]

Fahrig, Lenore, and T. Rytwinski. 2009. Effects of roads on animal abundance: An empirical review and synthesis. Ecology and Society. 14: 21 [online]. [PDF]

Melles, Stephanie, D. Badzinski, M.-J. Fortin, F. Csillag, and K. Lindsay. 2009. Disentangling habitat and social drivers of nesting patterns in songbirds. Landscape Ecology. 24: 519-531. DOI: 10.1007/s10980-009-9329-9 [PDF]

Nguyen, Thai, C.R. Burn, D.J. King, and S.L. Smith . 2009. Estimating the extent of near-surface permafrost using remote sensing, Mackenzie Delta, Northwest Territories. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes. 20: 141-153. [PDF]

Olson, Leif, and K. F. Lindsay. 2009. Here today, gone tomorrow? Targeting conservation investment in the face of climate change. Journal of Geography and Regional Planning. 2(1): 20-29. [PDF]

Pasher, Jon, and D.J. King. 2009. Mapping dead wood distribution in a temperate hardwood forest using high resolution airborne imagery. Forest Ecology and Management. 258: 1536-1548. [PDF]

Smith, Adam, N. Koper, C.M. Francis and L. Fahrig. 2009. Confronting collinearity: Comparing methods for disentangling the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation. Landscape Ecology. 24: 1271-1285. [PDF]

Tittler, Rebecca, M.-A. Villard and L. Fahrig. 2009. How far do songbirds disperse? Ecography. 32: 1051-1061. [PDF]

2008


Dillabaugh, Kristie, and D.J. King. 2008. Riparian marshland composition and biomass mapping using Ikonos imagery. Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing. 34: 153-158. [PDF]

Eigenbrod, Felix, S. J. Hecnar, and L. Fahrig. 2008. The relative effects of road traffic and forest cover on anuran populations. Biological Conservation. 141: 35-46. [PDF]

Eigenbrod, Felix, S. J. Hecnar, and L. Fahrig. 2008. Accessible habitat: an improved measure of the effects of habitat loss and roads on wildlife populations. Landscape Ecology. 23: 159-168. [PDF]

Ford, Adam, and L. Fahrig. 2008. Movement patterns of eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus) near roads. Journal of Mammalogy. 89: 895-903. [PDF]

Gagné, Sara, R. Proulx and L. Fahrig. 2008. Testing Holling's textural-discontinuity hypothesis. Journal of Biogeography. 35: 2149-2150. [PDF]

Larivée, Maxim, L. Fahrig and P. Drapeau. 2008. Edge effects created by wildfire and clear-cutting on boreal forest ground-dwelling spiders. Forest Ecology and Management. 255: 1434-1445. [PDF]

McGregor, Rachelle, D.J. Bender, and L. Fahrig. 2008. Do small mammals avoid roads because of the traffic? Journal of Applied Ecology. 45: 117-123. [PDF]

Mitchell, Scott, T.K. Remmel, F. Csillag, and M. A. Wulder. 2008. Distance to second cluster as a measure of classification confidence. Remote Sensing of Environment. 112: 2615-2626. [PDF]

Lindenmayer, D.B. , L. Fahrig et al.. 2008. A checklist for ecological management of landscapes for conservation. Ecology Letters. 11: 78-91. [PDF]

Pisaric, M.F.J. , D.J. King, A.J.M. MacIntosh and R. Bemrose. 2008. Impact of the 1998 ice storm on the health and growth of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh) dominated forests in Gatineau Park, Quebec. Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society . 135: 530-539. [PDF]

2007


Duguay, Stéphanie, F. Eigenbrod, and L. Fahrig. 2007. Effects of surrounding urbanization on non-native flora in small forest patches. Landscape Ecology. 22: 589-599. [PDF]

Fahrig, Lenore. 2007. Non-optimal animal movement in human-altered landscapes. Functional Ecology. 21: 1003-101. [PDF]

Ford, Adam, and L. Fahrig. 2007. Diet and body size of North American mammal road mortalities. Transportation Research Part D. 12: 498-505. [PDF]

Gagné, Sara, and L. Fahrig. 2007. Effect of landscape context on anuran communities in breeding ponds in the National Capital Region, Canada. Landscape Ecology. 22: 205-215. [PDF]

Pasher, Jon, D.J. King and K. Lindsay. 2007. Modelling and mapping potential hooded warbler (Wilsonia citrina) habitat using remotely sensed imagery. Remote Sensing of Environment. 107: 471-483. [PDF]

Roedenbeck, I.A. , L. Fahrig, C.S. Findlay, J.E. Houlahan, J.A.G. Jaeger, N. Klar, S. Kramer-Schadt and E.A. van der Grift. 2007. The Rauischholzhausen-agenda for road ecology. Ecology and Society. 12(1): 11. [PDF]

Tews, J. , M. A. D. Ferguson, and L. Fahrig. 2007. Modeling density dependence and climatic disturbances in caribou: a case study from the Bathurst Island complex, Canadian High Arctic. Zoology. 272: 209-217. [PDF]

Tews, J. , M. A. D. Ferguson, and L. Fahrig. 2007. Potential net effects of climate change on High Arctic Peary caribou: Lessons from a spatially explicit simulation model. Ecological Modelling. 207: 85-98. [PDF]

Rytwinski, Trina, and L. Fahrig. 2007. Effect of road density on abundance of white-footed mice. Landscape Ecology. 22(10): 1501-1512. [PDF]

Vanderkam, Robert, Y.F. Wiersma and D.J. King. 2007. Heuristic algorithms vs. linear programming for designing conservation reserve networks: Evaluation of solution optimality and processing time. Biological Conservation. 137: 349-358. [PDF]

2006


Butson, Chris, and D.J. King. 2006. Lacunarity analysis to determine optimum extents for sample-based spatial information extraction from high-resolution forest imagery. International Journal of Remote Sensing. 27: 105-120. [PDF]

Pasher, Jon, and D.J. King. 2006. Landscape fragmentation and ice storm damage in eastern Ontario forests. Landscape Ecology. 21: 477-483. [PDF]

K.E. Freemark , M. Meyers, D. White, L.D. Warman, A.R. Kiester and P. Lumban-Tobing. 2006. Species richness and biodiversity conservation priorities in British Columbia, Canada. Can. J. Zoology. 84: 20-31.

Ranius, T. , and L. Fahrig. 2006. Targets for maintenance of dead wood for biodiversity conservation based on extinction thresholds. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. 21: 201-208. [PDF]

Ryall, K.L. , and L. Fahrig. 2006. Response of predators to loss and fragmentation of prey habitat: A review of theory. Ecology. 87: 1086-1093. [PDF]

Wulder, M. , J.C. White, J.E. Luther, G. Strickland, T.K. Remmel and S.W. Mitchell . 2006. Use of vector polygons for the accuracy assessment of pixel-based land cover maps. Canadian J of Remote Sensing. 32(3): 268-279.

Tittler, Rebecca, L. Fahrig and M. A. Villard. 2006. Evidence of large-scale source-sink dynamics and long distance dispersal among wood thrush populations. Ecology. 87(12): 3029-3036. [PDF]

Virk, Ravinder, and D.J. King. 2006. Comparison of techniques for forest change mapping using Landsat data in Karnataka, India. Geocarto International. 21(4): 49-58. [PDF]

2005


Bender, Darren, and L. Fahrig. 2005. Matrix spatial structure can obscure the relationship between inter-patch movement and patch size and isolation. Ecology. 86: 1023-1033. [PDF]

Holland, Jeffrey D., L. Fahrig and N. Cappuccino. 2005. Body size affects the spatial scale of habitat-beetle interactions. Oikos. 110: 101-108. [PDF]

Holland, Jeffrey D., L. Fahrig and N. Cappuccino. 2005. Fecundity determines the extinction threshold in a Canadian assemblage of longhorned beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Journal of Insect Conservation. 9: 109-119. [PDF]

Jaeger, Jochen, J. Bowman, J. Brennan, L. Fahrig, D. Bert, J. Bouchard, N. Charbonneau, K. Frank, B. Gruber and K. Tluk von Toschanowitz, K.. 2005. Predicting when animal populations are at risk from roads: an interactive model of road avoidance behavior. Ecological Modelling. 185: 329-348. [PDF]

King, Doug, I. Olthof, P.K.E. Pellikka, E.D. Seed, and C. Butson. 2005. Modelling and mapping forest ice storm damage using remote sensing and environmental data. Natural Hazards. 35: 321-342. [PDF]

Larivée, Maxim, L. Fahrig and P. Drapeau. 2005. Effects of a recent wildfire and clear-cuts on ground level spider assemblages of a boreal forest. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 35: 2575-2588. [PDF]

Mitchell, Scott, F. Csillag and C. Tague . 2005. Impacts of spatial model definition on prediction uncertainty of spatial environmental models: grassland productivity in Grasslands National Park, Canada. Transactions in GIS. 9(3): 421-442. [PDF]

Remmel, T.K. , F. Csillag, S. Mitchell and M. Wulder . 2005. Integration of forest inventory and satellite imagery: a Canadian status assessment and research issues. Forest Ecology and Management. 207: 405-428. [PDF]

Ryall, K.L. , and L. Fahrig. 2005. Habitat loss decreases predator-prey ratios in a pine-bark beetle system. Oikos. 110: 265-270. [PDF]

Saint-Germain, M , M. Larivée, P. Drapeau, L. Fahrig and C.M. Buddl. 2005. Short-term response of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) to disturbances of contrasting severity in a black spruce dominated boreal landscape. Forest Ecology and Management. 212: 118 - 12. [PDF]

Santelmann, M. , K. Freemark, J. Sifneos and D. White. 2005. Assessing effects of alternative agricultural practices on wildlife habitat in Iowa, USA. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. 113: 243-253.

Pouliot, Darren, D.J. King, and D.G. Pitt. 2005. Development and evaluation of an automated tree detection-delineation algorithm for monitoring regeneration coniferous forests. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 35: 2332-2345. [PDF]

Tischendorf, Lutz, A. Grez, T. Zaviezo and L. Fahrig. 2005. Mechanisms affecting population density in fragmented habitat. Ecology and Society. 10: 1. [PDF]

2004


Charbonneau, Neil, and L. Fahrig. 2004. Influence of canopy cover and landscape structure on proportion of alien plant species in forest sites. Ecoscience. 11: 278-281.. [PDF]

Cosmopoulos, Panayota, and D.J. King. 2004. Temporal analysis of forest structural condition at an acid mine site using multispectral digital camera imagery. International Journal of Remote Sensing. 25: 2259-2275. [PDF]

Holland, Jeffrey D., D. Bert and L. Fahrig. 2004. Determining the spatial scale of species' response to habitat. BioScience. 54: 229-235. [PDF]

Jaeger, Jochen, and L. Fahrig. 2004. Under what conditions do fences reduce the effects of roads on population persistence? Conservation Biology. 18: 1651-1657. [PDF]

Olthof, Ian, D.J. King, and R.A. Lautenschlager. 2004. Mapping deciduous forest ice storm damage using Landsat and environmental data. Remote Sensing of Environment. 89: 484-496. [PDF]

Brommit, A.G. , N. Charbonneau, T. A. Contreras and L. Fahrig. 2004. Crown loss and subsequent branch sprouting of forest trees in response to a major ice storm. Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society. 131: 169-176. [PDF]

Burke, D.M. , K. Elliott, L. Moore, W. Dunford, E. Nol, J. Phillips, S. Holmes and K. Freemark. 2004. Patterns of nest predation on artificial and natural nests in forests. Conservation Biology. 18: 381-388.

Darwin, A.T. , D. Ladd, R. Galdins, T. A. Contreras and L. Fahrig. 2004. Response of forest understory vegetation to a major ice storm. Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society. 131: 45-52. [PDF]

Dunford, W. , and K.E. Freemark. 2004. Matrix matters: effects of surrounding land uses on forest birds near Ottawa, Canada. Landscape Ecology. 20: 497-511.

Grez, A. , T. Zaviezo, L. Tischendorf and L. Fahrig. 2004. A transient, positive effect of habitat fragmentation on insect population densities. Oecologia. 141: 444-451. [PDF]

Santelmann, M. , D. White, K. Freemark, J.I. Nassauer, J.M. Eilers, K.B. Vache, B.J. Danielson, R.C. Corry, M.E. Clark, S. Polasky, R.M. Cruse, J. Sifneos, H. Rustigan, C. Coiner, J. Wu and D. Debinski. 2004. Assessing alternative futures for agriculture in Iowa, USA. Landscape Ecology. 19: 357-374.

Warman, L.D. , D.M. Forsyth, A.R.E. Sinclair, K. Freemark, H.D. Moore, T.W. Barrett, R.L. Pressey and D. White. 2004. Species distributions, surrogacy, and important conservation regions in Canada. Ecology Letters. 7: 374-379.

2003


Bender, Darren, L. Tischendorf and L. Fahrig. 2003. Evaluation of patch isolation metrics for predicting animal movement in binary landscapes. Landscape Ecology. 18: 17-39. [PDF]

Fahrig, Lenore. 2003. Effects of habitat fragmentation on biodiversity. Annual Reviews of Ecology and Systematics. 34: 487-515. [PDF]

Lévesque, Josée, and D.J. King. 2003. Spatial analysis of radiometric fractions from hight-resolution multispectral imagery for modelling individual tree crown and forest canopy structure and health. Remote Sensing of Environment. 84: 589-602. [PDF]

Tischendorf, Lutz, D. J. Bender and L. Fahrig. 2003. Evaluation of patch isolation metrics in mosaic landscapes for specialist vs. generalist dispersers. Landscape Ecology. 18: 41-50. [PDF]

Vance, Melissa, L. Fahrig and C.H. Flather. 2003. Relationship between minimum habitat requirements and annual reproductive rates in forest breeding birds. Ecology. 84: 2643-2653. [PDF]

2002


Fahrig, Lenore. 2002. Effect of habitat fragmentation on the extinction threshold: a synthesis. Ecological Applications. 12: 346-353. [PDF]

Goodwin, Brett, and L. Fahrig. 2002. Effect of landscape structure on the movement behaviour of a specialized goldenrod beetle, Trirhabda borealis. Canadian Journal of Zoology. 80: 24-35. [PDF]

Goodwin, Brett, and L. Fahrig. 2002. How does landscape structure influence landscape connectivity. Oikos. 99: 552-570. [PDF]

Lee, Michelle, L. Fahrig, K. Freemark and D. Currie. 2002. Importance of Patch Scale vs. Landscape Scale on Selected Forest Birds. Oikos. 96: 110-118. [PDF]

Bowman, J. , N. Cappuccino and L. Fahrig. 2002. Patch size and population density: the effect of immigration behavior. Conservation Ecology. 6(1): 9. [PDF]

Bowman, J. , and L. Fahrig. 2002. Gap crossing by chipmunks: an experimental test of landscape connectivity. Canadian Journal of Zoology. 80: 1556-1561. [PDF]

Bowman, J. , J.A. Jaeger and L. Fahrig. 2002. Dispersal distance of mammals is proportional to home range size. Ecology. 83: 2049-2055. [PDF]

Pouliot, Darren, D.J. King, F.W. Bell, and D.G. Pitt. 2002. Automated tree crown detection and delineation in high-resolution digital camera imagery of coniferous forest regeneration. Remote Sensing of Environment. 82: 322-334. [PDF]

2001


Carr, Laurie, and L. Fahrig. 2001. Impact of road traffic on two amphibian species of differing vagility. Conservation Biology. 15: 1071-1078. [PDF]

Fahrig, Lenore. 2001. How much habitat is enough? Biological Conservation. 100: 65-74. [PDF]

Langlois, Jean, L. Fahrig, G. Merriam and H. Artsob. 2001. Landscape structure influences continental distribution of hantavirus in deer mice. Landscape Ecology. 16: 255 - 266. [PDF]

Mitchell, Scott, and F. Csillag. 2001. Assessing the stability and uncertainty of predicted vegetation growth under climatic variability: northern mixed grass prairie. Ecological Modelling. 139: 101-121. [PDF]

Olthof, Ian, D.J. King, and R.A. Lautenschlager. 2001. Leaf area index change in ice-storm damaged sugar maple stands. The Forestry Chronicle. 77: 627-635.

Chen, J.M. , G. Pavlic, L. Brown, J. Cihlar, S.G. Leblanc, P. White, R. J. Hall, D. Peddle, D.J. King, J. A. Trofymow, E. Swift, J. Van der Sanden, P. Pellikka. . 2001. Validation of Canada-wide leaf area index maps using ground measurements and high and moderate resolution satellite imagery. Remote Sensing of Environment. 80: 165-184.

F. Csillag , M. Kertész, A. Davidson and S. Mitchell . 2001. On the measurement of diversity-productivity relationships in a northern mixed grass prairie (Grasslands National Park, Saskatchewan, Canada). Community Ecology. 2(2): 145-159.

Li, Z.W. , C. Qiangguo and S. Mitchell. 2001. A GIS-based simulation of crop potential productivity in hilly loess region. Chinese Journal of Ecology. 20: .

Tischendorf, Lutz, and L. Fahrig. 2001. Reply: On the use of connectivity measures in spatial ecology. Oikos. 95: 152-155. [PDF]

Wilson, Kaitlin, D.G. Barber and D.J. King. 2001. Validation of RADARSAT-1 Derived Ice Motion In The North Water Polynya (NOW), January - December 1998. Atmosphere-Ocean. 39: 257-278.

Wilson, Kaitlin, D.J. King, and D.G. Barber. 2001. A Case Study in Tracking 1998 Spring Ice Dynamics in Smith Sound, North Water Polynya Region using RADARSAT-1 data. Annals of Glaciology. 33: 413-418.

2000


Haddow, Kimberly Anne, D.J. King, D.A. Pouliot, D.G. Pitt, and F.W. Bell. 2000. Early regeneration conifer identification and competition cover assessment using airborne digital frame camera imagery. The Forestry Chronicle. 76(6): 11-24.

Holland, Jeffrey D., and L. Fahrig. 2000. Effect of woody borders on insect density and diversity in crop fields: A landscape-scale analysis. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. 78: 115-122. [PDF]

King, Doug. 2000. Airborne Remote Sensing in Forestry: Sensors, Analysis and Applications. The Forestry Chronicle. 76(6): 25-42.

Olthof, Ian, and D.J. King. 2000. Development of a forest health index using multispectral airborne digital camera imagery. Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing. 26: 166-176.

Pellikka, P.K.E. , D. J. King and S.G. Leblanc. 2000. Quantification and removal of bidirectional effects in aerial CIR imagery of deciduous forest using two reference land surface types. Remote Sensing Reviews, Special issue on "Multi-angle Measurements and Models". 19: 259-291.

Pellikka, P.K.E. , E.D. Seed and D.J. King. 2000. Modelling deciduous forest ice storm damage using CIR aerial imagery and hemispheric photography. Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing. 26(5): 394-405.

Pope, Shealagh, L. Fahrig and H.G. Merriam. 2000. Landscape complementation and metapopulation effects on leopard frog populations. Ecology. 81: 2498-2508. [PDF]

Tischendorf, Lutz, and L. Fahrig. 2000. How should we measure landscape connectivity. Landscape Ecology. 15: 633-641.. [PDF]

Tischendorf, Lutz, and L. Fahrig. 2000. On the usage and measurement of landscape connectivity. Oikos. 90: 7-19.. [PDF]

1999


Goodwin, Brett, D.J. Bender, T.A. Contreras, L. Fahrig and J.F. Wegner.. 1999. Testing for habitat detection distances using orientation data. Oikos. 84: 160-163. [PDF]

Goodwin, Brett, A.J. McAllister, and L. Fahrig. 1999. Characteristics of invading plant species: common attributes or simply representative of species from the area of origin? Conservation Biology. 13: 422-426. [PDF]

King, Doug, M. Jollineau, and B. Fraser. 1999. Evaluation of MK-4 multispectral satellite photography in land cover classification of Eastern Ontario. International Journal of Remote Sensing. 20(17): 3311-3331. [PDF]

Lévesque, Josée, and D.J. King. 1999. Airborne digital camera image semivariance for evaluation of forest structural damage at an acid mine site. Remote Sensing of Environment. 68(2): 112-124.

Teshome, A. , L. Fahrig, J.K. Torrence, J.D. Lambert, T.J. Arnason, and B.R. Baum. 1999. Maintenance of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor, Poacae) landrace diversity by farmers' selection in Ethiopia. Economic Botany. 53: 79-88.

Teshome, A. , J.K. Torrence, B.R. Baum, L. Fahrig, J.D.H. Lambert, and J.T. Arnason. 1999. Traditional farmers' knowledge of sorghum landrace [Sorghum bicolor (Poaceae)] storability in Ethiopia. Economic Botany. 53: 69-78.

Trzcinski, M. Kurtis, L. Fahrig and G. Merriam. 1999. Independent effects of forest cover and fragmentation on the distribution of forest breeding birds. Ecological Applications. 9: 586-593. [PDF]

Walsworth, Nicholas, and D.J. King. 1999. Image modelling of forest changes associated with acid mine drainage. Computers and Geosciences. 25(5): 567-580.

1998


Bender, Darren, T.A. Contreras and L. Fahrig. 1998. Habitat loss and population decline: A meta-analysis of the patch size effect. Ecology. 79: 517-533. [PDF]

Fahrig, Lenore. 1998. When does fragmentation of breeding habitat affect population survival. Ecological Modelling. 105: 273-292. [PDF]

Fahrig, Lenore, and I. D. Jonsen. 1998. Effects of habitat patch characteristics on abundance and diversity of insects in an agricultural landscape. Ecosystems. 2: 1-10. [PDF]

Fahrig, Lenore, S.E. Pope, K.M. Henein and G.L. Rose. 1998. Relative effects of trap vs. trawl fisheries on population dynamics of the northern cod stock. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 55: 76-85. [PDF]

Bhar, R. , and L. Fahrig. 1998. Local vs. landscape effects of woody field borders as barriers to crop pest movement. Conservation Ecology. [online] 2: 3. [PDF]

Venier, Lisa, and L. Fahrig. 1998. Intra-specific abundance-distribution relationships. Oikos. 82: 483-490. [PDF]

1997


Fahrig, Lenore. 1997. Relative effects of habitat loss and fragmentation on species extinction. Journal of Wildlife Management. 61: 603-610. [PDF]

Pedlar, John, L. Fahrig and H.G. Merriam. 1997. Raccoon habitat use at two spatial scales. Journal of Wildlife Management. 61: 102-112. [PDF]

Jonsen, I.D. , and L. Fahrig. 1997. Response of generalist and specialist insect herbivores to landscape spatial structure. Landscape Ecology. 12: 187-195. [PDF]

Pitt, D.G. , R.G. Wagner, R.J. Hall, D.J. King, D.G. Leckie, and U. Runesson.. 1997. Use of remote sensing for forest vegetation management: a problem analysis. The Forestry Chronicle. 73(4): 459-477.

Teshome, A. , B.R. Baum, L. Fahrig, J.K. Torrence, T.J. Arnason, and J.D Lambert. 1997. Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] landrace variation and classification in North Shewa and South Welo, Ethiopia. Euphytica. 97: 255-263. [PDF]

1996


Fahrig, Lenore, and A. Grez. 1996. Population spatial structure, habitat fragmentation and biodiversity. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural. 69: 5-13. [PDF]

Venier, Lisa, and L. Fahrig. 1996. Habitat availability causes the species abundance-distrubution relationship. Oikos. 76: 564-570. [PDF]

1995


Fahrig, Lenore, J.H. Pedlar, S.E. Pope, P.D. Taylor and J.F. Wegner. 1995. Effect of road traffic on amphibian density. Biological Conservation. 73: 177-182. [PDF]

King, Doug. 1995. Airborne multispectral digital camera and video sensors: a critical review of system designs and applications. Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, Special Issue on Aerial Optical Remote Sensing. 21(3): 245-273.

King, Doug, C. Armenakis, and A. Chichagov. 1995. The use of airborne digital frame camera imagery for DEM generation. Geomatica. 49(4): 489-497.

1994


Fahrig, Lenore, and G. Merriam. 1994. Conservation of fragmented populations. Conservation Biology. 8: 50-59. [PDF]

Fahrig, Lenore, D.P. Coffin, W.K. Lauenroth and H.H. Shugart. 1994. The advantage of long-distance clonal spreading in highly disturbed habitats. Evolutionary Ecology. 8: 172-187. [PDF]

King, Doug, P. Walsh, and F. Ciuffreda. 1994. Airborne digital frame camera imaging for elevation determination. Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing. 60(11): 1321-1326.

1993


Fahrig, Lenore. 1993. Effect of fish movement and fleet spatial behaviour on management of fish substocks. Natural Resource Modeling. 7: 37-56. [PDF]

Fahrig, Lenore, B. Hayden and R. Dolan. 1993. Distribution of barrier island plants in relation to overwash disturbance: a test of life history theory. Journal of Coastal Research. 9: 403-412. [PDF]

Fahrig, Lenore, G.R. Lilly and D.S. Miller. 1993. Predator stomachs as sampling tools for prey distribution: cod and capelin. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 50: 1541-1547. [PDF]

Taylor, P.D. , L. Fahrig, K. Henein and G. Merriam. 1993. Connectivity is a vital element of landscape structure. Oikos. 68: 571-573. [PDF]

1992


Fahrig, Lenore. 1992. Relative importance of spatial and temporal scales in a patchy environment. Theoretical Population Biology. 41: 300-314. [PDF]

King, Doug. 1992. Evaluation of radiometric quality, statistical characteristics and spatial resolution of multispectral videography. Journal of Imaging Science and Technology. 36(4): 394-404.

Mausel, P.W. , J.H. Everitt, D.E. Escobar and D.J. King. 1992. Airborne videography: current status and future perspectives. Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing. 58(8): 1189-1195.

1991


King, Doug. 1991. Determination and reduction of cover type brightness variations with view angle in airborne multispectral video imagery. Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing. 57(12): 1571-1577.

Yuan, X. , D.J. King and J. Vicek. 1991. Sugar maple decline assessment based on spectral and textural analysis of multispectral aerial videography. Remote Sensing of Environment. 37(1): 47-54.

1990


Fahrig, Lenore. 1990. Interacting effects of disturbance and dispersal on individual selection and population stability. Comments on Theoretical Biology. 1: 275-297. [PDF]

King, Doug, and J. Vicek. 1990. Development of a multispectral video system and its application in forestry. Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing. 16(1): 15-22.

1988


Fahrig, Lenore. 1988. Nature of ecological theories. Ecological Modelling. 43: 129-132. [PDF]

Fahrig, Lenore. 1988. A general model of populations in patchy habitats. Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computation. 27: 53-66. [PDF]

Fahrig, Lenore, and J.E. Paloheimo. 1988. Determinants of local population size in patchy habitats. Theoretical Population Biology. 34: 194-213. [PDF]

Fahrig, Lenore, and J.E. Paloheimo. 1988. Effect of spatial arrangement of habitat patches on local population size. Ecology. 69: 468-475. [PDF]

1987


Fahrig, Lenore, and J.E. Paloheimo. 1987. Interpatch dispersal of the cabbage butterfly. Canadian Journal of Zoology. 65: 616-622. [PDF]

1985


Fahrig, Lenore, and H.G. Merriam. 1985. Habitat patch connectivity and population survival. Ecology. 66: 1762-1768. [PDF]

Lefkovitch, L.P. , and L. Fahrig. 1985. Spatial characteristics of habitat patches and population survival. Ecological Modelling. 30: 297-308. [PDF]

Woolhouse, M.E.J. , R. Harmsen and L. Fahrig. 1985. On succession in a saxicolous lichen community. Lichenologist. 17: 167-172. [PDF]




Books and Book Chapters

Bennett, Joseph , and B. Gilbert. 2017. Testing metacommunity structure: linking landscape ecology and community ecology. Learning Landscape Ecology, 2nd . Springer. Pages 255-271. [PDF]

Fahrig, Lenore . 2017. Forty years of bias in habitat fragmentation research. Chapter 5 in: Kareiva P, Silliman B, Marvier M. Effective conservation science: Data not dogma. Oxford. Pages 32-38. [PDF]

Kirby, Patrick , and S Mitchell. 2015. Monte Carlo-Based Analysis of the Effect of Positional and Thematic Uncertainties on Biodiversity Models. Advances in Spatial Data Handling and Analysis - Select Papers from the 16th IGU Spatial Data Handling Symposium. Springer. Pages 299-308. [PDF]

Bird Jackson, Heather , and Lenore Fahrig. 2013. Habitat loss and fragmentation. Encyclopedia of Biodiversity, 2nd Edition. S.A. Levin (ed.). Academic Press. Pages 50-58. [PDF]

Fahrig, Lenore . 2007. Landscape Heterogeneity and Metapopulation Dynamics. in: J. Wu and R.J. Hobbs. Key topics and perspectives in landscape ecology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. Pages 78-89. [PDF]

Fahrig, Lenore . 2007. Estimating Minimum Habitat for Population Persistence. D.B. Lindenmayer and R.J. Hobbs. In Managing and designing landscapes for conservation: moving from perspectives to principles. Blackwell Publishing Ltd, Oxford. Pages 64-80. [PDF]

Lindsay, Kathryn , M.V. Santelmann, J. Sifneos, D. White and D. Kirk. 2007. Wildlife Habitat.. J.I.Nassauer, M.V. Santelmann and D.Scavia (eds), From the Corn Belt to the Gulf: Societal and Ecological Implications of Alternative Agricultural Futures. Resources for the Future Press, Washington DC. Pages Chapter 13.

Clark, M.E. , B.J. Danielson, M.V. Santelmann, J.I. Nassauer, D. White and K. Lindsay . 2007. Impacts on mammal communities: a spatially explicit model. J.I.Nassauer, M.V. Santelmann and D.Scavia (eds), From the Corn Belt to the Gulf: Societal and Ecological Implications of Alternative Agricultural Futures. Resources for the Future Press, Washington DC. Pages Chapter 11.

Debinsky, D.M. , M.V. Santelmann, D. White, K. Lindsay and J.C. Sifneos. 2007. Pollinator Responses. J.I.Nassauer, M.V. Santelmann and D.Scavia (eds), From the Corn Belt to the Gulf: Societal and Ecological Implications of Alternative Agricultural Futures. Resources for the Future Press, Washington DC. Pages Chapter 9.

Santelmann, M.V. , D. White, K. Lindsay, J.I. Nassauer, J.M. Eilers, K.B.Vache, B.J.Danielson, R.C.Corry, M.E.Clark, S.Polasky, R.M.Cruse, J.C.Sifneos, H.Rustigian, C.Coiner, J.Wu and D.Debinski. 2007. An integrated assessment of alternative futures for Iowa watersheds. J.I.Nassauer, M.V. Santelmann and D.Scavia (eds), From the Corn Belt to the Gulf: Societal and Ecological Implications of Alternative Agricultural Futures. Resources for the Future Press, Washington DC. Pages Chapter 14.

Santelmann, M. , J.C.Sifneos, D.White and K.Lindsay. 2007. Plant Diversity. J.I.Nassauer, M.V. Santelmann and D.Scavia (eds), From the Corn Belt to the Gulf: Societal and Ecological Implications of Alternative Agricultural Futures. Resources for the Future Press, Washington DC. Pages Chapter 8.

Taylor, P. , L. Fahrig and K. With. 2006. Landscape connectivity: A return to basics.. K. R. Crooks and M. Sanjayan (eds.). Connectivity Conservation. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. Pages 29-43. [PDF]

Fahrig, Lenore . 2005. When is a landscape perspective important?. in: J. Wiens and M. Moss (eds.). Issues and perspectives in landscape ecology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K. Pages 3-10. [PDF]

Fahrig, Lenore , and W.K. Nuttle. 2005. Population ecology in spatially heterogeneous environments. in: G.M. Lovett, C.G. Jones, M.G. Turner and K.C. Weathers (eds.). Ecosystem function in heterogeneous landscapes. Springer-Verlag, New York. Pages 95-118. [PDF]

K.E. Freemark . 2005. Farmlands for farming and nature. J.A. Wiens and M.R. Moss (eds.), Issues and Perspectives in Landscape Ecology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK.

McGregor, Rachelle , S. Derrane, D. Bender and L. Fahrig. 2003. The effect of traffic volume on translocated small mammal movement. in: C. Leroy Irwin, Paul Garrett, and K.P. McDermott (eds.) Proceedings of the International Conference on Ecology and Transportation, Raleigh, NC: Center for Transportation and the Environment, North Carolina State University, 2003. Pages 394-396.

Forman, R.T.T. , D. Sperling, J.A. Bissonette, A.P. Clevenger, C.D. Cutshall, V.H. Dale, L. Fahrig, R. France, C.R. Goldman, K. Heanue, J.A. Jones, F.J. Swanson, T. Turrentine, and T.C. Winter. 2003. Road ecology: Science and solutions. Island Press, Washington.

Brennan, Julie , D.J. Bender, T.A. Contreras, and L. Fahrig. 2002. When is a landscape perspective important. J. Liu and W. W. Taylor (eds.). Integrating landscape ecology into natural resource management. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, MA. Pages 68-91. [PDF]

Carr, Laurie , S.E. Pope and L. Fahrig. 2002. Impacts of landscape transformation by roads. In: Gutzwiller, K. J. (ed.) Applying Landscape Ecology in Biological Conservation. Pages 225-243.

Fahrig, Lenore . 2001. Animal Populations and Roads. in: G. Evink (ed.). Proceedings of the 2001 International Conference on Ecology and Transportation. North Carolina State University, Durham, NC. Pages 9-11. [PDF]

Holland, Jeffrey D. , and L. Fahrig. 2001. Landscape woody border increases insect diversity in alfalfa fields. C. Barr and S. Petit (eds.). Hedgerows of the world: their ecological function in different landscapes. IALE(UK), Aberdeen. Pages 167-176. [PDF]

Jaeger, Jochen , and L. Fahrig. 2001. Modelling the effects of road network patterns on population persistence: relative importance of traffic mortality and 'fence effect'. in: G. Evink (ed.). Proceedings of the 2001 International Conference on Ecology and Transportation. North Carolina State University, Durham, NC. Pages 298-312. [PDF]

Fahrig, Lenore . 1999. Forest loss and fragmentation: which has the greater effect on persistence of forest-dwelling animals?. J.A. Rochelle, C.A. Lehmann and J. Wisniewski (eds.). Forest fragmentation: wildlife and management implications.. Brill, Boston. Pages 87-95. [PDF]

Wegner, J. , K. Henein and L. Fahrig. 1999. Effects of vegetation type and adjacent land type on fencerow use by small mammals: a non-manipulative experiment. G.W. Barrett and J.D. Peles (eds.). The ecology of small mammals at the landscape scale: experimental approaches. Springer-Verlag, New York. [PDF]

Goodwin, Brett , and L. Fahrig. 1998. Spatial scaling and animal population dynamics. D. Peterson and V.T. Parker (eds.). Ecological scale: theory and application.. Columbia University Press, New York, NY. Pages 193-206. [PDF]

Grez, A.A. , R.O. Bustamante, J.A. Simonetti and L. Fahrig. 1998. Landscape ecology, deforestation, and forest fragmentation: the case of the Ruil forest in Chile. E.S. Ch‡vez and J. Middleton (eds.). Landscape ecology as a tool for sustainable development in Latin America. Available from the Internet. [PDF]

Fahrig, Lenore , and G. Merriam. 1995. Conservation of fragmented populations. D. Ehrenfeld (ed.). Readings in conservation biology: The landscape perspective. Society for Conservation Biology and Blackwell Science Inc., Don Mills.. Pages 16-25.

Fahrig, Lenore , and K. Freemark. 1995. Landscape-scale effects of toxic events for ecological risk assessment. J. Cairns Jr. and B.R. Niederlehner (eds.). Ecological toxicity testing: scale, complexity, and relevance. Lewis Publishers. Pages 193-208. [PDF]

Hansson, L. , L. Fahrig and H.G. Merriam (eds.). 1995. Mosaic Landscapes and Ecological Processes. IALE Studies in Landscape Ecology. Chapman and Hall, New York.

Harrison, S. , and L. Fahrig. 1995. Landscape Pattern and Population Conservation. L. Hansson, L. Fahrig and H.G. Merriam (eds.). Mosaic Landscapes and Ecological Processes. IALE Studies in Landscape Ecology. Chapman and Hall, New York. Pages 293-308. [PDF]

Fahrig, Lenore . 1991. Simulation methods for developing general landscape- level hypotheses of single species dynamics. Turner, M.G. and R.H. Gardner (eds.). Quantitative methods in landscape ecology. Springer Verlag, New York. Pages 417-442. [PDF]

Fahrig, Lenore , L.P. Lefkovitch and H.G. Merriam. 1983. Population stability in a patchy environment. in Lauenroth, W.K., G.V. Skogerboe and M. Flug (eds.). Analysis of ecological systems: state-of-the-art in ecological modelling. Elsevier, New York.. Pages 61-67. [PDF]




Selected Refereed Conference Presentations

Mitchell, Scott , and T Remmel. 2016. Shape and resolution: quantifying feature morphology change due to coarsening spatial resolution using UAV-based images from vertical transects. International Conference on GIScience Short Paper Proceedings. Volume 1. [PDF]

van den Berg, Jesse , and S Mitchell. 2012. Fuzzy Classification for Eastern Ontario Land Cover Mapping. Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing, Ottawa, 12 June. [PDF]

Czerwinski, Christopher , D. J. King and S.W. Mitchell. 2011. Forest change detection and mapping in Gatineau Park, Québec, 1987 to 2010 using LANDSAT imagery. Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing. Sherbrooke, QC. [PDF]

Girard, Jude , J Pasher, S Mitchell, D King, L Fahrig, A Smith, and K Lindsay. 2011. Optimising landscape selection in a dynamic agricultural region. Spatial Ecology and Conservation. Birmingham, UK, September 5-7 2011.

Mitchell, Scott , and T.K. Remmel. 2011. Impact of noise on land cover classifications: sensitivity analysis using simulated noise. Proc. SKI-Canada, Fernie BC, 9 March 2011. [PDF]

Eberhardt, Ewen , S. Mitchell and L. Fahrig. 2009. Current and probable past wildlife fatality hotspots on the Thousand Islands Parkway, Ontario, Canada. Lees, B.G. and S.W. Laffan (eds), 10th International Conference on GeoComputation, UNSW, Sydney Australia, November 2009. [PDF]

Jaeger, Jochen , and L. Fahrig. 2004. Under what conditions do fences reduce the effects of transportation infrastructure on population persistence?. In: E. Turcott and H.G.J. Bekker (eds). 2003 IENE Conference Proceedings. Infra Eco Network Europe (IENE), Brussels, Belgium. [PDF]

King, Doug , and . 2003. Forest Forest structure and health assessment using airborne videography and digital camera imagery: a review of twenty years of research. Proc. 19th Biennial Workshop on Color Photography & Videography in Resouce Assessment. Am. Soc. Photogramm. & Rem. Sensing, Logan, Utah Oct 6-8. Pages CD-ROM.

Olthof, Ian , and D.J. King. 2003. Airborne image frame correction for consistent extraction of textural and structural image measures. Proc. 19th Biennial Workshop on Color Photography & Videography in Resouce Assessment. Pages CD-ROM.

Pouliot, Darren , D.J. King and D.G. Pitt. 2003. Automated individual tree detection and delineation in digital camera imagery of regenerating boreal forests. Proc. 9th Biennial Workshop on Color Photography & Videography in Resource Assessment. Am. Soc. Photogramm. and Rem. Sens., Logan, Utah, October 6-8. Pages CD-ROM.

King, Doug . 2002. Forest structure, health and regeneration assessment using airborne digital camera imagery. Proc. ForestSAT Symposium, Edinburgh, August 5-9.. UK Forestry Commission, Forest Research, Edinburgh. Volume CD-ROM: 10pp.. [PDF]

Butson, Chris , and D.J. King. 2001. Determination of Optimal Forest Sample Plot Spatial Extent using Lacunarity Analysis of Airborne Imagery. Proceedings 18th Biennial Workshop on Color Photography & Videography in Resource Assessment. Am. Soc. Photogramm. and Rem. Sens., Amherst, Mass. May 16-18.. Volume CD-ROM.

Pulsifer, Peter , and D. J. King. 2001. Ortho-rectification of digital camera imagery for municipal mapping applications. Proceedings 18th Biennial Workshop on Color Photography & Videography in Resource Assessment. Am. Soc. Photogramm. and Rem. Sens., Amherst, Mass. May 16-18.. Volume CD-ROM.

Butson, Chris , and D.J. King. 1999. Semivariance analysis of forest structure and remote sensing data to determine an optimal sample plot size. Proc. 4th International Airborne Remote Sensing Conference and Exhibition / 21st Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing. Can. Remote Sensing Soc. Ottawa, ON June 21-24. Volume II: 155-162.

Olthof, Ian , D.J. King and R.A. Preston. 1999. Automated subscene and segment-based extraction of forest parameters using spectral and spatial information from high resolution digital imagery. Proc. 17th Biennial Workshop on Color Photography and Videography in Resource Assessment. Am. Soc. Photogramm. and Rem. Sens., Reno, NV. May 5-7.. Pages 1-12.

Walsworth, Nicholas , and D. J. King. 1999. Comparison of two tree apex delineation techniques. Proc. International Forum on High Resolution Remote Sensing in Forestry. Canadian Forest Service, Victoria BC, Feb 10-12, 1998. Pages 93-104.

King, Doug . 1985. Development and use of a 4-camera video system for resource surveys. Proc. 19th Int. Symp. on Remote Sensing of Environment. Env. Research Institute of Michigan, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI. Pages 483-489.

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